{"id":3515814,"date":"2025-08-28T11:22:26","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T11:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/?p=3515814"},"modified":"2025-08-28T11:22:26","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T11:22:26","slug":"where-will-humanity-move-when-the-earth-gets-too-hot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/stories\/2025-08-28\/where-will-humanity-move-when-the-earth-gets-too-hot\/","title":{"rendered":"Where will humanity move when the earth gets too hot?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Recorded on: Aug 14, 2025<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none;\" title=\"Embed Player\" src=\"https:\/\/play.libsyn.com\/embed\/episode\/id\/37970630\/height\/64\/theme\/modern\/size\/small\/thumbnail\/no\/custom-color\/04040c\/time-start\/00:00:00\/hide-playlist\/yes\/hide-subscribe\/yes\/download\/yes\" width=\"100%\" height=\"64\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h3>\n<p>In the next 25 years, the International Organization for Migration estimates that one billion people will be displaced from their homes due to climate-related events. From island nations underwater to inland areas too hot and extreme to sustain life, the individuals and communities in these areas will need somewhere new to live. Where will these people go, and how will this mass migration add further pressure to the stability of nations and the world?<\/p>\n<p>In this episode, Nate is joined by environmental and migration historian, Sunil Amrith, to explore the complex history of human movement \u2013 and what it reveals about the looming wave of climate-driven migration. Sunil explains how the historical record shows migration has always been a defining feature of human life, not an exception. Together, they examine projections for future migration trends and the urgent need for acceptance, planning, and infrastructure to support the integration of new communities.<\/p>\n<p>What lessons can we draw from past environmental crises that forced people to move, and how do today\u2019s challenges overlap or differ? How have countries historically responded to large-scale migration, and what long-term impacts did those choices have on their stability and prosperity? Ultimately, how might a more open and welcoming mindset help us face the unprecedented migrations ahead, as well as transform them into opportunities for survival, resilience, and shared thriving?<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Sunil Amrith<\/h3>\n<p>Sunil Amrith is the Renu and Anand Dhawan Professor of History at Yale University, with a secondary appointment as Professor at the Yale School of the Environment. He is the current Henry R. Luce Director of the Whitney and Betty MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale. Sunil\u2019s research focuses on the movements of people and the ecological processes that have connected South and Southeast Asia, and has expanded to encompass global environmental history. He has published in the fields of environmental history, the history of migration, and the history of public health.<\/p>\n<p>Sunil\u2019s most recent book\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wwnorton.com\/books\/9781324007180\">The Burning Earth<\/a>, an environmental history of the modern world that foregrounds the experiences of the Global South, was named a 2024 \u201cessential read\u201d by The New Yorker, and a \u201cbook we love\u201d 2024 by NPR. Additionally, Sunil\u2019s four previous books include\u00a0<em>Unruly Waters<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Crossing the Bay of Bengal: The Furies of Nature and the Fortunes of Migrants<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xGee_OY1Lhs?si=_E2oTePwIHcbMzI4\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thegreatsimplification.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/sunil-amrith-inserts.pdf\">Images from this episode<\/a>. All images provided by Sunil Amrith<\/p>\n<p>00:00 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/history.yale.edu\/people\/sunil-amrith\">Sunil Amrith<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sunilamrithauthor.com\/about\">website<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/Sunil-S-Amrith-2040049212\">books<\/a>\u00a0&amp;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/Sunil-S-Amrith-2040049212\">other works<\/a><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Most recent book:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wwnorton.com\/books\/9781324007180\"><i>The Burning Earth: A History<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>02:55 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_human_migration\">Broad history of human migration<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Early_human_migrations\">Early human migrations<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration\">Timeline of maritime migration and exploration<\/a><\/p>\n<p>03:25 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/research.blogs.bbk.ac.uk\/2014\/01\/27\/the-bay-of-bengal-in-global-history\/\">Migration<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bay_of_Bengal\">Bay of Bengal<\/a><\/p>\n<p>03:55 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.whoi.edu\/cms\/files\/schott_mccreary_41948.pdf\">Monsoon winds in the Bay of Bengal<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iias.asia\/the-newsletter\/article\/recentering-bay-bengal-connected-spaces-inter-asian-bordersea#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%98monsoon%20winds%E2%80%99%20established%20and%20connected%20the%20dominant%20trade%20routes%20and%20shaped%20migratory%20trends%20till%20the%20onset%20of%20colonial%20intervention%20and%20consequent%20introduction%20of%20steamship%20navigation.\">shaped trade, commerce, and migration<\/a><\/p>\n<p>04:45 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/where-history-and-humanitarianism-collide-bay-bengal-migrant-crisis\">History of migrational conflict in the Bay of Bengal\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>05:39 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/read.realityblind.world\/view\/975731937\/20\/\">Wide-boundary perspective<\/a><\/p>\n<p>05:42 \u2013 \u201cThe Birthplace of Humanity\u201d:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olduvai_Gorge\">Olduvai Gorge<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Rift_Valley\">Great Rift Valley<\/a><\/p>\n<p>06:10 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.southeastasianarchaeology.com\/malaysia-archaeology\/#overview\">Archeological sites in present-day Malaysia<\/a><\/p>\n<p>06:40 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4931904\">Folklore, mythology,<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/in-focus\/news\/black-water-and-the-bengali-fear-seafaring-1690288#:~:text=For%20a%20long%20time%2C%20the,who%20subsequently%20came%20to%20India%3F\">religion<\/a>\u00a0role in Bengali migration<\/p>\n<p>07:00 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.migrationdataportal.org\/themes\/international-migrant-stocks-overview#:~:text=Global%20overview,DESA%20began%20collecting%20their%20estimates.\">3.7% of the global population are international migrants<\/a><\/p>\n<p>09:28 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paschal-law.com\/blog\/the-rise-of-anti-immigrant-sentiment-around-the-world\/\">Anti-migrant sentiment is global<\/a><\/p>\n<p>10:41 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.migrationdataportal.org\/themes\/migration-drivers\">Migration drivers<\/a><\/p>\n<p>11:30 \u2013 Migration by coercion: (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weaponized_migration\">weaponized migration<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/glotip\/Glotip16_Chapter_2.pdf\">human-traffiking<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.slavevoyages.org\/voyage\/trans-atlantic#timelapse\">slave trade<\/a>, etc)<\/p>\n<p>11:43 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ehm.my\/publications\/articles\/south-indian-labour-in-malayan-rubber-estates-profits-over-people-1884%E2%80%931941#:~:text=In%20the%20late%2019th%20and,many%20worked%20as%20rubber%20smallholders.\">Migrations to Malayan rubber plantations\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>15:55 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/news\/immigrants-rights\/three-ways-the-media-introduces-bias-to-the-immigration-debate\">Media portrayal of migration<\/a><\/p>\n<p>16:16 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.history21.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Atlantic-Refugees-1.2-Primary-Source-Shire.pdf\">\u201cHome\u201d by Warsan Shire<\/a><\/p>\n<p>17:10 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sakhalin_Island_(book)#:~:text=At%20the%20time%20Sakhalin%20was,Tomsk%20were%20to%20become%20notorious.\"><i>Sakhalin Island<\/i><\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anton_Chekhov\">Anton Chekhov<\/a>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/almabooks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Sakhalin-Extract.pdf\">quote referenced (Page 4)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>20:00 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2015\/08\/life-stories-narrative-psychology-redemption-mental-health\/400796\/\">Personal narratives shape who we are<\/a><\/p>\n<p>21:15 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.0305531101\">Where agriculture takes root has determined highly populated and sometimes wealthy areas<\/a><\/p>\n<p>21:45 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asianstudies.org\/publications\/eaa\/archives\/rice-technology-and-history-the-case-of-china\/\">Rice cultivation in China and migration<\/a><\/p>\n<p>22:11 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sealevel.nasa.gov\/faq\/13\/how-long-have-sea-levels-been-rising-how-does-recent-sea-level-rise-compare-to-that-over-the-previous\/\">Sea level change since<\/a>\u00a0the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Last_Glacial_Maximum\">Last Glacial Maximum<\/a><\/p>\n<p>22:45 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water\/publication\/ebb-and-flow-water-migration-and-development#:~:text=Water%20deficits%20are%20linked%20to,migration%20than%20wet%20rainfall%20shocks.\">Water\u2019s relationship to migration<\/a><\/p>\n<p>23:10 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/vital-signs\/global-temperature\/?intent=111\">Global heating<\/a><\/p>\n<p>23:25 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/emergencymanual.iom.int\/sites\/g\/files\/tmzbdl1956\/files\/2023-03\/iom_global_data_institute_thematic_brief_1_evidence_summary_on_climate_change_and_the_future_of_human_mobility.pdf\">International Organization of Migration\u2019s estimate: more than 1 billion will be displaced from climate change by 2050<\/a><\/p>\n<p>24:40 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/apps\/njlite\/srex\/njlite_download.php?id=5866\">IPCC: 90% of those displaced by climate change will be displaced domestically<\/a><\/p>\n<p>25:10 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLgdg9yKzG3zwabSkG8GnaRcVVoypVOXog\">Nate\u2019s lecture series in India<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=giKaTx7qDGc&amp;list=PLgdg9yKzG3zwabSkG8GnaRcVVoypVOXog&amp;index=4\">Recommendations section of the series<\/a><\/p>\n<p>26:20 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0959378025000032\">Environmental pressures affecting migration<\/a><\/p>\n<p>27:40 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weather.gov\/tsa\/wbgt#:~:text=The%20WetBulb%20Globe%20Temperature%20(WBGT,is%20calculated%20for%20shady%20areas.\">Wet-bulb temperature:<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/chart\/31008\/cities-by-annual-hours-exceeding-wet-bulb-temperature-uncomprehensable-heat-thresholds\/\">Areas where temperature will become unbearable as global warming increases<\/a>\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2305427120\">Source study<\/a>),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2021AGUFMGC51C..03Z\/abstract\">Effects on precipitation<\/a><\/p>\n<p>30:15 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moving.com\/movers\/moving-cost-calculator.asp\">Cost of long-distance migration<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.migrationdataportal.org\/themes\/migrant-recruitment-costs\">Labor migration costs<\/a><\/p>\n<p>31:19 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ora.ox.ac.uk\/objects\/uuid:1226fbae-654c-4680-ac42-c78a1591ad67\/files\/me349f0c209ca9152bbd773bd59abb9d2\">Relationship between migration and class<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2452292922000911#:~:text=Mostly%20for%20survival%20rather%20than%20wellbeing%20or%20profit%2C%20seasonal%20migration%20is%20a%20deeply%20entrenched%20but%20burdensome%20coping%20strategy%20among%20the%20rural%20poor%20who%20face%20seasonal%20livelihood%20insecurity%2C%20trapping%20many%20in%20a%20vicious%20cycle%20of%20chronic%20poverty%20and%20seasonal%20migration.\">Seasonal (distress-based) migration<\/a><\/p>\n<p>32:29 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/read.realityblind.world\/view\/975731937\/84\/\">Cognitive Dissonance<\/a><\/p>\n<p>32:35 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wwfint.awsassets.panda.org\/downloads\/backgrounder___comparing_climate_impacts_at_1_5c__2c__3c_4c.pdf\">Comparing climate impacts at 1.5\u00b0C, 2\u00b0C, 3\u00b0C and 4\u00b0C<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.carbonbrief.org\/impacts-climate-change-one-point-five-degrees-two-degrees\/index.html\">Interactive source<\/a><\/p>\n<p>32:50 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Climate_change_denial\">Climate Change Denial<\/a><\/p>\n<p>34:17 \u2013 Sunil\u2019s book on the relationship of water and migration\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hachettebookgroup.com\/titles\/sunil-amrith\/unruly-waters\/9780465097739\/?lens=basic-books\"><i>Unruly Waters<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<p>35:00 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1040618218312758#:~:text=River%20system%20patterns,in%20a%20region.\">Water\u2019s influence on human settlements<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/article\/1070\/early-human-migration\/\">Early human coastal migration<\/a><\/p>\n<p>36:05 \u2013 Cities \u201cengineered\u201d away from water:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2024\/03\/14\/india\/india-bangalore-water-crisis-impact-intl-hnk-dst\">Bengaluru<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9FpU8LWJBso&amp;t=177s\">Las Vegas<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkhazard.org\/en\/report\/3177-united-arab-emirates-dubai\/DG\">Dubai<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/viterbi.usc.edu\/water\/\">Los Angeles<\/a><\/p>\n<p>36:19 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_Davis_(scholar)\">Mike Davis<\/a><\/p>\n<p>37:23 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/medieval-warm-period\">Medieval Climate Anomaly<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Little-Ice-Age\">Little Ice Age<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2019\/04\/01\/how-the-little-ice-age-changed-history\">relationship to migration and development of empire<\/a><\/p>\n<p>39:17 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gca.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/03_WTW_14855_GCA_2021_Sect3_CONFLICT_MIGRATION_v5.pdf\">Large-scale migration is a common outcome of large-scale conflict<\/a><\/p>\n<p>39:50 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/news\/conflict-and-climate\">Conflict\u2019s contribution to climate change<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/militaryemissions.org\/\">Global military emissions<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ceobs.org\/how-does-war-damage-the-environment\/\">Lasting ecological damage<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2211467X19301026\">Energy in the armaments industry<\/a><\/p>\n<p>40:40 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/kroc.nd.edu\/about-us\/what-is-peace-studies\/what-is-strategic-peacebuilding\/\">Peacebuilding<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disarmament\">Disarmament<\/a><\/p>\n<p>41:30 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/science-matters\/pacific-islands-front-line-battle-against-climate\">Small island states in Pacific under threat from climate change<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rd.com\/list\/islands-will-disappear-80-years\/\">some islands will have no physical future for this community currently there<\/a><\/p>\n<p>41:55 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfat.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/migration.pdf\">South Pacific nations, especially New Zealand, policies on \u201csuccessful migration\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>43:00 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/environment.yale.edu\/news\/article\/what-keeps-people-evacuating-during-natural-disaster\">Families in U.S. that don\u2019t want to evacuate during natural disasters<\/a><\/p>\n<p>43:50 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/game-theory\/\">Game Theory<\/a><\/p>\n<p>43:55 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/climatecheck.com\/louisiana\/new-orleans\">Climate change risks in New Orleans<\/a><\/p>\n<p>45:35 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/publications.iom.int\/books\/bangladesh-migration-governance-framework\">Bangladesh planning for migration<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.climaterealityproject.org\/blog\/how-climate-crisis-impacting-bangladesh\">Bangladesh\u2019s climate predictions<\/a><\/p>\n<p>46:00 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3302549\/\">Reduced deaths in Bangladesh from extreme weather (especially Cyclones)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>46:42 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.c40.org\/news\/dhaka-launches-first-climate-action-plan\/\">Dhaka launches first-ever Climate Action Plan<\/a><\/p>\n<p>47:07 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2017-01-food-threatened-sea-level.html\">Sea-level rise effects on agriculture<\/a><\/p>\n<p>49:50 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/2017\/11\/29\/europes-growing-muslim-population\/\">Increasing Muslim population in Europe<\/a><\/p>\n<p>50:10 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/read.realityblind.world\/view\/975731937\/108\/\">In-group\/Out-group<\/a><\/p>\n<p>51:50 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/datacommons.org\/place\/country\/IND?category=Demographics\">India population trends<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/datacommons.org\/place\/country\/CHN?category=Demographics\">China population trends<\/a><\/p>\n<p>52:20 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thegreatsimplification.com\/episode\/reality-roundtable-8\">Indic spirit<\/a><\/p>\n<p>58:00 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholars.org\/brief\/why-does-immigration-arouse-deep-feelings-and-conflicts\">Why migration is threatening<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/strongcitiesnetwork.org\/resource\/managing-migration-city-led-approaches-for-being-an-inclusive-welcoming-and-socially-cohesive-city\/\">how to alleviate<\/a><\/p>\n<p>59:40 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kosmosjournal.org\/kj_article\/do_elites_understand_metacrisis\/\">Elites and the Meta-crisis<\/a>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en\/article\/billionaires-are-building-luxury-bunkers-to-escape-doomsday\/\">bunkers<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seasteading\">seasteading<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2021\/jul\/16\/billionaires-outer-space-elon-musk-jeff-bezos-richard-branson\">space colonization<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:00:20 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/us.macmillan.com\/books\/9780374718015\/birnamwood\/\">Birnam Wood<\/a>\u00a0by Eleanor Catton<\/p>\n<p>1:00:50 \u2013 Countries open to migration at different points:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hai.stanford.edu\/news\/how-have-attitudes-towards-us-immigration-changed\">United States<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ames.net.au\/ames-70-years\/history-of-migration\">Australia<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/canada-at-a-crossroads-understanding-the-shifting-sands-of-immigration-attitudes-232579\">Canada<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:02:00 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/monitor\/2021\/11\/feature-cultivating-empathy\">How to cultivate curiosity and empathy<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:05:35 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=diS2SDj16h8\">Anthropologist Engseng Ho<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:06:20 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/number-of-births-per-year\">Birth rates are decreasing<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ined.fr\/en\/publications\/editions\/population-and-societies\/mapping-the-massive-global-fertility-decline-over-the-last-20-years\/#:~:text=Conversely%2C%20fertility%20is%20below%20replacement,below%20one%20child%20per%20woman.\">replacement rate decreasing<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.endocrine.org\/patient-engagement\/endocrine-library\/edcs\">Endocrine disrupting chemicals<\/a>, TGS Episodes on this topic:<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thegreatsimplification.com\/episode\/37-martin-scheringer\">Martin Scheringer: \u201cThe Growing Threat from Chemical Pollution\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thegreatsimplification.com\/episode\/155-jeremy-grantham\">Jeremy Grantham: \u201cThe Baby Bust: How The Toxicity Crisis Could Cause the Next Economic Crash\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thegreatsimplification.com\/episode\/02-shannaswan\">Dr. Shanna Swan \u201cSperm and Our Future\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thegreatsimplification.com\/episode\/154-jane-muncke\">Jane Muncke: \u201cShutting Off The Plastic Tap: A Global Treaty To Regulate Petrochemical Pollution?\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thegreatsimplification.com\/episode\/104-jane-muncke\">Jane Muncke: \u201cPerils of Plastic Packaging\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1:06:55 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nippon.com\/en\/japan-data\/h01699\/\">Japan low birth rates<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/age-dependency-ratio-old\">aging society<\/a>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hir.harvard.edu\/improved-immigration-japan\/#:~:text=Because%20of%20these%20reforms%20and,paths%20to%20long%2Dterm%20residency.\">migration attitude changing<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:07:30 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/europe\/2023\/09\/14\/italy-needs-more-migrants-but-has-trouble-admitting-it\">Italy\u2019s unfavorable view of immigration but current need for it<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:07:49 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ULn8I1b6vfw\">Jeremy Grantham: one of the effects of declining birth rate \u2013 brain drain\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:08:23 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/populationeducation.org\/how-does-population-growth-impact-rapid-urbanization\/\">Population boom in 19th and 20th accompanied reorganization of humans<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:11:50 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sloww.co\/meta-crisis-101\/\">The Metacrisis<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4kBoLVvoqVY\">Introduction video<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:12:15 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/philosophy-stirred-not-shaken\/201811\/fatalism-and-indifference-your-self\">Fending off Nihlism<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1:15:40 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-024-00998-6\">Eco-Anxiety<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7830022\/\">Ecological Grief<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"dl_transcript\" class=\"cta_btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thegreatsimplification.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/TGS-192-Sunil-Amrith-Transcript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download transcript<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this episode, Nate is joined by environmental and migration historian, Sunil Amrith, to explore the complex history of human movement \u2013 and what it reveals about the looming wave of climate-driven migration.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":128238,"featured_media":3515829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79718,213530,79720],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3515814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-environment-featured","category-society"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/128238"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3515814"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3515828,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515814\/revisions\/3515828"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3515829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3515814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3515814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3515814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}