{"id":3515595,"date":"2025-08-22T11:40:03","date_gmt":"2025-08-22T11:40:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/?p=3515595"},"modified":"2025-08-22T11:40:03","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T11:40:03","slug":"climate-change-tests-the-wildlife-conservation-model-in-namibia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/stories\/2025-08-22\/climate-change-tests-the-wildlife-conservation-model-in-namibia\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate change tests the wildlife conservation model in Namibia"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><em>Since Namibia\u2019s independence in 1990, the country has become a model of wildlife recovery, and is now famed for its free-roaming herds of megafauna and enigmatic national parks.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>A key to this recovery is the model of community-based natural resource management, which places much of the responsibility and benefits of wildlife conservation in the hands of rural communities, enabling people to earn income from small-scale hunting and tourism and thus motivating them to conserve wildlife.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>A recent 11-year dry spell has tested the resilience of the model and the people and natural systems that depend on it \u2014 but it also serves as an opportunity to build a more climate-resilient future for desert-adapted megafauna in habitats projected to become hotter and drier.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Namibian conservation experts maintain that the key to wildlife survival is to cement their economic value in policies: if the people in the areas they roam can benefit from wildlife, they will stand a better chance in a more inhospitable future.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SESFONTEIN, Namibia\u00a0\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u2014 \u201cI want my children to see a rhino with their own eyes \u2014 not only in Etosha [National Park],\u201d says Sofia \/Nuas, a member of the Sesfontein Conservancy Committee, located in Namibia\u2019s arid northwest. She\u2019s sitting in the shade of a large sausage tree, yet even on this winter morning temperatures have quickly soared to more than 30\u00b0 Celsius (86\u00b0 Fahrenheit). Life in this hot and dry region is already tough, but climate change will intensify it.<\/p>\n<p>With a population of less than 3,000, Sesfontein is a small settlement located in the Northwestern Escarpment and Inselbergs of the Nama Karoo Biome. Cattle and goats meander across dusty roads, but tourists are also drawn to the desert-like outpost for its enigmatic landscapes and a chance to glimpse some of the world\u2019s last free-roaming, critically endangered black rhinos (<em>Diceros bicornis<\/em>), as well as Namibia\u2019s famed desert-adapted lions (<em>Panthera leo<\/em>) and African savanna elephants (<em>Loxodonta africana<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Their presence here is no accident. Once near-depleted, the wildlife is protected not only by fences and the government, but by the communities who share the land with free-roaming predators and herds of springboks (<em>Antidorcas marsupialis<\/em>), giraffes (<em>Giraffa camelopardalis<\/em>) and gemsboks (<em>Oryx gazella<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>The Sesfontein Conservancy is one of more than 80 communal conservancies in Namibia. For decades, these conservancies have helped bring wildlife back from the brink, in a model of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) that has resulted in swaths of land conserving Namibia\u2019s wildlife beyond government-run national parks. The model\u2019s continued success is also what experts say will help buffer the biodiversity against the onslaught of climate change.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cIt is our duty to conserve the animals,\u201d committee member Paul Kasupi says. \u201cOur ancestors left us the conservancy \u2026 and we must protect it for future generations.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>However, this will become more challenging as the region is projected to become drier and hotter due to climate change. Already, the resilience of Namibia\u2019s community-based conservation model and the iconic wildlife it protects have been tested during a brutal 11-year dry spell that finally broke last year.<\/p>\n<p>The outcomes, especially in the northwest, hint at the potential impact of long-term climate change on desert-adapted megafauna. They also show how to potentially pave the way for species survival.<\/p>\n<h3>Namibia\u2019s desert-adapted wildlife<\/h3>\n<p>Namibia is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa. Annual rainfall plunges from approximately 600 millimeters (24 inches) annually in the northeast to less than 50 mm (2 in) in the south and along the windswept Skeleton Coast National Park, a narrow stretch of protected land along the Atlantic Ocean. Only those species adapted to the desert-like conditions survive.<\/p>\n<p>The most iconic are perhaps the lions that roam the foggy coast and have learned to hunt seals and seabirds. The desert-dwelling elephants dig wells up to a meter (3 feet) deep with their feet and trunks in the dry sand of the riverbeds. These \u201celephant wells\u201d are then used by numerous other species like springboks, black-backed jackals (<em>Canis mesomelas<\/em>) and chacma baboons (<em>Papio ursinus<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>However, the most important adaptation strategy of all, says Chris Brown, CEO of the Namibian Chamber of Environment (NCE), is the ability to roam over large areas to find areas of suitable food and water.<\/p>\n<p>For example, male lions cover an immense range of between 1,500 and 2,000 square kilometers (580 to 770 square miles) per year, says John Heydinger, research director and co-founder of the Lion Rangers Program in Namibia. Similarly, the home range of a male brown hyena (<em>Parahyaena brunnea<\/em>) in the northwest is approximately 2,200 km2 (850 mi2), according to researcher Emsie Verwey.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThey roam incredibly far in search of carrion for themselves and to bring back to their dens and feed their young,\u201d she says.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>These adaptations evolved over millennia. But colonial-era hunting, guns, farming and fencing nearly wiped out Namibia\u2019s wildlife in the 20<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century. Brown, an ecologist and environmental scientist, estimates that, historically, 8 million to 10 million animals roamed Namibia. By the\u00a01960s, those numbers had plummeted to around 500,000.<\/p>\n<h3>Democracy, and a new dawn for Namibian wildlife<\/h3>\n<p>Namibia\u2019s independence from apartheid South Africa in 1990 marked a turning point. It became the first country in Africa to incorporate environmental protection into its Constitution. Not only did the new Constitution call for the \u201cmaintenance\u201d of biodiversity, but also the sustainable use of natural resources.<\/p>\n<p>Rural communities on state land were given the right to manage and benefit from wildlife, provided they organized into conservancies. Each conservancy adheres to hunting quotas, based on annual wildlife surveys, says Kenneth \/Uiseb, deputy director of wildlife research and monitoring at the Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism.<\/p>\n<p>The result was the CBNRM program \u2014 and it triggered a quiet revolution.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBefore, there was no control,\u201d says \/Nuas from the Sesfontein Conservancy. \u201cIf someone wanted to kill a giraffe, they just did. Now, if a legal hunter comes, the fee goes to the community.\u201d She points out the electricity wires lining the village\u2019s neat streets. \u201cOur living standards improved,\u201d she says, \u201cand our children are going to school.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/08\/20152243\/12-Sofia-Nuas.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-304656 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/08\/20152243\/12-Sofia-Nuas.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cI want my children to see a rhino with their own eyes \u2014 not only in Etosha [National Park],\u201d says Sofia \/Nuas. Image by Petro Kotz\u00e9 for Mongabay.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Today, Namibia has 86 registered communal conservancies, covering about one-fifth of the country and more than 300,000 community members. Along with national parks and private conservation areas, more than 45% of Namibia\u2019s land \u2014 about 37 million hectares (91 million acres), or an area the size of Japan \u2014 is under some form of conservation management.<\/p>\n<p>And uniquely, Brown points out, Namibia\u2019s entire coastline is protected, from the Orange River in the south, which forms the border with South Africa, to the Kunene River in the north, bordering Angola. Altogether, this protected landscape of more than 25 million hectares (62 million acres)\u00a0forms the third-largest continuous area of formally\u00a0managed and\u00a0protected\u00a0wildlife\u00a0land in the world.<\/p>\n<p>Wildlife rebounded. Lions and springboks returned to areas where they hadn\u2019t been seen for decades, and gemsboks, greater kudus (<em>Tragelaphus strepsiceros<\/em>) and Hartmann\u2019s mountain zebras (<em>Equus zebra hartmannae<\/em>), among others, bounced back, \/Uiseb says. The elephant population in Namibia, he adds, swelled from an estimated 7,000 in the 1990s to 26,000 by 2025.<\/p>\n<p>Between 2005 and 2010, conservancies released more than 40 black rhinos, expanding the species\u2019 range by roughly 20%. The free-roaming black rhino population in the northwest went up significantly, says Simson !Uri-\u2260Khob, CEO of Save the Rhino Trust (SRT) Namibia.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cIt became the biggest wildlife recovery story ever told,\u201d \/Uiseb says.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Tourism boomed. Lodges sprang up, and communities received direct income, meat, jobs and training.<\/p>\n<p>But then the next dry cycle began \u2014 an 11-year period of low rainfall that tested the conservation model, people and wildlife to their limits.<\/p>\n<h3>A decadal dry spell tests the resilience of the northwest<\/h3>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019ve always had dry cycles every\u00a010 or\u00a011\u00a0years,\u201d Brown says. \u201cBut this one was longer \u2014 and much worse.\u201d Extreme weather events like this in Namibia are consistent with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/conservationnamibia.com\/blog\/b2021-climate-change-pt2.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">climate change predictions<\/a>, he says, adding that in parts of the northwest, it hardly rained at all.<\/p>\n<p>With vegetation dwindling, wildlife numbers in the conservancies dropped dramatically. This was not only due to animals dying from lack of food, Brown says, but also because some animals migrated out of the conservancies, where there was less competition for food by livestock.<\/p>\n<p>But this meant that wildlife survey\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nacso.org.na\/resources\/game-count-poster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">numbers<\/a>\u00a0plummeted in the northwest and Skeleton Coast National Park. Gemsbok numbers plunged from 2,314 in 2011 to just 131 in 2023. Over the same period, springboks decreased from 12,889 to 3,286, and Hartmann\u2019s zebras from 3,361 to 358.<\/p>\n<p>!Uri-\u2260Khob says the black rhino population in the northwest dropped to about half of its size before the drought. \u201cThe adults survived. But the cows couldn\u2019t produce enough milk for the calves.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A 2022 survey found 57-60 adult desert lions and 14 cubs, down from a total of 150.<\/p>\n<p>With wildlife counts hitting all-time lows, legal hunting permits for conservancies were suspended to protect vulnerable populations, \/Uiseb says.<\/p>\n<p>Although hit hard, wildlife still fared better than livestock during the long drought, Brown says. Because the land is open \u2014\u00a0more than\u00a08 million hectares (20 million acres) \u2014 wildlife could move to find\u00a0food and\u00a0water, he says: \u201cTheir resilience is higher.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cWe lost all our cattle,\u201d says Kasupi. \u201cMost people did.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>As wildlife numbers fell, predators like lions and cheetahs turned to the remaining livestock. Elephants aimed for vegetable gardens and water reservoirs. Conflict between people and wildlife increased.<\/p>\n<p>Still, in the conservancies, people didn\u2019t resort to illegal hunting as a means of retaliation against the encroaching predators. \u201cWe won\u2019t kill the lion,\u201d Kasupi says, even when they come for their livestock. \u201cThe lion is protected. If it eats our goats, we report it to the ministry and we are compensated.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Income from tourism also created a critical buffer. \u201cWe survived from the lodges,\u201d \/Nuas says. \u201cThey gave the conservancies food and income when everything else failed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Still, for the first time, some people began questioning the benefits of the CBNRM program, as the conservancies were unable to offset the livestock losses, \/Uiseb says. However, multiple examples proved the model\u2019s resilience.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/08\/20152633\/16-Communities-in-the-Sesfontein-area-depend-on-livestock.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-304666 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/08\/20152633\/16-Communities-in-the-Sesfontein-area-depend-on-livestock.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Communities in the Sesfontein area depend on livestock farming as their main income, and their cattle and goats share the space with free-roaming wildlife. Image by Petro Kotz\u00e9 for Mongabay.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>The heat is rising<\/h3>\n<p>In 2024, as the dry spell stretched into its 11th year, President Nangolo Mbumba declared a national drought emergency.<\/p>\n<p>In September 2024, in line with the country\u2019s constitutional mandate to use its natural resources for the benefit of Namibian citizens, the government approved a mass hunt to feed needy communities and reduce pressure on certain ecosystems. Namibia\u2019s 723-animal quota (a cull also took place in Zimbabwe) included 83 elephants, 300 zebras, 100 elands, 100 blue wildebeest, 60 buffalos, 50 impalas and 30 hippos, along with other animals in five national parks.<\/p>\n<p>\/Uiseb points out that while there was criticism from antihunting groups, especially internationally, Namibia\u2019s Constitution is pro-sustainable hunting. The activity is seen as integral to cement the economic and social benefits of wildlife, and thus people\u2019s willingness to conserve them.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThe culling, as it was called, was part of active management to protect the species and the rangeland on which the species depend,\u201d \/Uiseb says.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>But this may not be the last cull of its kind. Namibia\u2019s climate outlook is sobering. By 2050, the\u00a0country is projected to warm by 2-3\u00b0C (3.6-5.4\u00b0F), and by 2080, up to 6\u00b0C (10.8\u00b0F). Rainfall is expected to decline by\u00a010-30% across different regions. Evaporation, drought, floods and fire risk will all increase. Soil moisture will drop, plant cover will shrink. These effects will combine, compounding each other and accelerating land degradation\u00a0and declining productivity.<\/p>\n<p>Climate models suggest that wildlife may fare better than agriculture, but still face major losses. By 2050, carrying capacity for wildlife in Namibia\u2019s protected areas may fall by\u00a012%, and by 25% by 2080. Similar declines are projected for communal conservancies and private land. That portends a massive drop in Namibia\u2019s signature wildlife.<\/p>\n<h3>Survival through action<\/h3>\n<p>Brown is blunt about future choices.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cIf wildlife doesn\u2019t have economic value, it will be lost,\u201d he says. \u201cThrough\u00a0the correct policy\u00a0development, we must ensure that wildlife is competitive as a land use. If we cannot, we will struggle. It\u2019s that simple.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The Namibian Chamber of Environment and others say that survival will depend on swift and decisive actions, informed by shifting climatic conditions and ecosystem feedback. Among the steps they recommend are collaborative efforts to expand, connect and manage conservation landscapes, linking national parks, communal areas and private land.<\/p>\n<p>Wildlife management, Brown says, must be adaptive and data-driven. Annual game counts and vegetation assessments, tied to rainfall data and monitoring, should inform decisions. These decisions must come early after the rains, informing swift action before vegetation is damaged and overutilized.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, there should be no rigid guidelines for offtakes \u2014 reducing wildlife populations through hunting, culling or translocations.<\/p>\n<p>Management should \u201cnavigate through highly variable climatic conditions with the vegetation in the best possible condition, with wildlife populations at sustainable levels and in good condition,\u201d Brown says. In good years, he adds, offtakes may be unnecessary. But in extremely poor years, it may be necessary to remove half the animals in a given area, especially after a period of drought.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf the next rainy season is good, the animals can breed up quickly, but if not, the population can be reduced to ensure a food reserve for them.\u201d Brown says it won\u2019t be easy, requiring strong and decisive management without restrictions.<\/p>\n<p>But he also says Namibia\u2019s wildlife economy will benefit from diversification. Species such as disease-free African savanna buffalos (<em>Syncerus caffer<\/em>) could be brought into production, adding as much as 20% to the sector\u2019s value. A legal international trade in rhino horn and elephant ivory, he says, could significantly boost returns per hectare, while supporting rewilding efforts across Africa. But legalizing the trade of either commodity remains controversial.<\/p>\n<p>The NCE also recommends a formal wildlife meat trade with Europe and elsewhere. Finally, it recommends an aggressive deregulation of Namibia\u2019s wildlife sector, reducing the intrusion of the state in wildlife management outside of national parks.<\/p>\n<p>The government, according to \/Uiseb, is already employing a range of management interventions that could be considered in a hotter and drier climate: supplementary feeding, water provision, translocations, reintroductions and, when necessary, culling in line with available resources.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/08\/20152723\/21-population-becomes-thinner.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-304670 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2025\/08\/20152723\/21-population-becomes-thinner.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>As you travel west through Namibia, the population becomes thinner and the landscape more brutal, yet beautiful. Along the way, a local might warn you about elephants down the road. Just off the back of a good season of rain, an 11-year dry spell is still a fresh memory. Photographed is the road towards Palmag in northwestern Namibia. Image by Petro Kotz\u00e9 for Mongabay.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Already, boreholes are being drilled in some fenced parks, and reintroductions are helping to restore wildlife populations. Offtakes, including transportation or management hunts, are conducted when conditions demand it.<\/p>\n<p>A pilot project is also underway to test landscape-level conservation, involving stakeholders on the borders of protected areas in conservation initiatives to expand the space available for wildlife.<\/p>\n<p>In the long term, \/Uiseb says he wants to see farmers and conservation agencies pull down their fences to allow much more unrestricted movement of wildlife, in response to changing climatic and rainfall conditions.<\/p>\n<p>The hardest part to manage, \/Uiseb says, is people. Demands for land, livestock and water are growing. \u201cIf farmers can live within what the land can provide, the system will survive,\u201d he says. \u201cBut if they push it beyond its limits, we\u2019ll lose everything.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThe ecosystem is inherently resilient,\u201d he adds, \u201cbut only if it\u2019s allowed to recover.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Other voices in the conservation landscape agree. Heydinger from the Lion Rangers Program sees lessons in Namibia\u2019s desert-adapted wildlife \u2014 species that have managed to survive in arid landscapes for millennia.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey are pioneers in terms of potential climatic futures,\u201d he says. And, he adds, they may offer a model for the future of other large-bodied, wide-ranging species.<\/p>\n<p>!Uri-\u2260Khob from Save the Rhino Trust is cautiously optimistic. In principle, he says, black rhinos can be moved to more suitable grazing grounds if needed. But the risk is high as they\u2019re so finely adapted to their habitats. The best option, he says, is to continue to build trust with and give the responsibility to the communities that live with rhinos.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTrust them,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>That belief still holds strong in places like Sesfontein, even after the drought.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEven when it gets difficult, we will stay here,\u201d \/Nuas says, adding that they want the wildlife to stay with them.<\/p>\n<h3>Citations:<\/h3>\n<p>Stander, P. E. (2019). Lions (<em>Panthera leo<\/em>) specialising on a marine diet in the Skeleton Coast National Park, Namibia.\u00a0<em>Namibian Journal of Environment, 3<\/em>, A:1-10. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nje.org.na\/index.php\/nje\/article\/view\/volume3-stander\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">https:\/\/nje.org.na\/index.php\/nje\/article\/view\/volume3-stander<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ramey, E.\u202fM., Ramey, R.\u202fR., Brown, L.\u202fM., &amp; Kelley, S.\u202fT. (2013). Desert-dwelling African elephants (<em>Loxodonta africana<\/em>) in Namibia dig wells to purify drinking water.\u202f<em>Pachyderm,\u202f53<\/em>, 66-72. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.69649\/pachyderm.v53i.325\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">10.69649\/pachyderm.v53i.325<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Turner, W. C., P\u00e9riquet, S., Goelst, C. E., Vera, K. B., Cameron, E. Z., Alexander, K. A., \u2026 Werner Kilian, J. (2022). Africa\u2019s drylands in a changing world: Challenges for wildlife conservation under climate and land-use changes in the Greater Etosha Landscape.\u00a0<em>Global Ecology and Conservation<\/em>,\u00a0<em>38<\/em>, e02221. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gecco.2022.e02221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">10.1016\/j.gecco.2022.e02221<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Credits<\/h3>\n<p><a title=\"Posts by Jeremy Hance\" href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/author\/jeremy-hance\/\" rel=\"author\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Jeremy Hance <\/a>Editor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Namibian conservation experts maintain that the key to wildlife survival is to cement their economic value in policies: if the people in the areas they roam can benefit from wildlife, they will stand a better chance in a more inhospitable future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":128238,"featured_media":3515615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79718,213530],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3515595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-environment-featured"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/128238"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3515595"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3515616,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3515595\/revisions\/3515616"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3515615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3515595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3515595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.resilience.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3515595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}